{"id":5519,"date":"2018-06-20T06:55:27","date_gmt":"2018-06-20T06:55:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hansaviertel.berlin\/?page_id=5519"},"modified":"2019-03-28T10:58:30","modified_gmt":"2019-03-28T10:58:30","slug":"die-jahre-1933-1945","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/hansaviertel.berlin\/en\/geschichte\/die-jahre-1933-1945\/","title":{"rendered":"The years 1933\u20131945"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4>The Hansaviertel in the National Socialist Period<\/h4>\n<p>The National Socialist dictatorship brought to far-reaching changes in the Hansaviertel. Like everywhere in the German Reich, the Jewish population was subjected to increasingly repressive measures. During the Reichspogromnacht on 9 November 1938, synagogues which were also frequented by the Jewish inhabitants of the Hansaviertel, were set on fire and destroyed. Today at Levetzowstrasse 7\u20138, a memorial commemorates the former synagogues and at Lessingstrasse 6 there is a commemorative plaque.<\/p>\n<div class=\"hv-picture-row\">\n<div class=\"one-half first\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_2674\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2674\" style=\"width: 401px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hansaviertel.berlin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/020__altes_hansav_synagoge.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-hv24h wp-image-2674\" src=\"https:\/\/hansaviertel.berlin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/020__altes_hansav_synagoge-401x260.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"401\" height=\"260\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2674\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The synagogue in Levetzowstra\u00dfe inaugurated in 1914, was destroyed<span class=\"engdesc\"> Landesarchiv Berlin<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"one-half\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_2004\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2004\" style=\"width: 401px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hansaviertel.berlin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/0012_Altes_HV_91.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2004 size-hv24h\" src=\"https:\/\/hansaviertel.berlin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/0012_Altes_HV_91-401x260.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"401\" height=\"260\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2004\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The center of the synagogue congregation Adass Isroel, formerly Atelierhaus Sigmunds Hof 11, was destroyed <span class=\"engdesc\">(Aufnahme von 1920). Im Vordergrund die damalige Achenbach-Br\u00fccke; heute hier der Wullenweber-Steg., Sammlung Volker Petroschke<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"hv-picture-row\">\n<div class=\"one-half first\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_2888\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2888\" style=\"width: 401px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hansaviertel.berlin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/020d__altes_hansav_Mahnmal_Levetzowstr._00.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2888 size-hv24h\" src=\"https:\/\/hansaviertel.berlin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/020d__altes_hansav_Mahnmal_Levetzowstr._00-401x260.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"401\" height=\"260\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2888\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Memorial plaque of the Levetzowstra\u00dfe synagogue\u00a0<span class=\"engdesc\"> B\u00fcrgerverein Hansaviertel, cb<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"one-half\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_2894\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2894\" style=\"width: 401px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hansaviertel.berlin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/020a__altes_hansav_Mahnmal_Levetzowstr._04.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2894 size-hv24h\" src=\"https:\/\/hansaviertel.berlin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/020a__altes_hansav_Mahnmal_Levetzowstr._04-401x260.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"401\" height=\"260\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2894\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The memorial \u201cMahnmal Flammenwand\u201d (\u201cWall of Flames&#8221;) commemorates the use of the synagogue as a collection point for deportations between 1941 and 1943, J\u00fcrgen Wenzel, Peter Herbich Theseus Bappert, 1985 <span class=\"engdesc\"> B\u00fcrgerverein Hansaviertel, cb<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>Plans for Berlin to be converted into a prestigious seat of government and into the imperial capital \u201cGermania\u201d also had an impact on the residents of the Hansaviertel. The redesign of Berlin was personally supported by Hitler and was under the direction of Albert Speer, who was appointed General Building Inspector for the imperial capital by Hitler himself. The plan provided for megalomaniacal, magnificent edifices, such as the \u201cGreat Hall\u201d at the Brandenburg Gate and grand boulevards intersecting the old city structure in the form of a giant axis cross, which mostly went through narrow residential areas. Because of this, Speer planned their demolition. Even though the Hansaviertel itself was not affected by these plans, it was one of the quarters in which the displaced \u201cdemolition tenants\u201d of Aryan descent were to be given replacement apartments. In order to create space for this, Speer initiated the \u201cde-Jewification\u201d of residential areas from 1941. Jewish residents were \u201cevacuated\u201d \u2013 which initially meant resettled \u2013 on the basis of the Reich Citizens Act and a large number of subsequent ordinances. <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"See Johann Friedrich Geist\/ Klaus K\u00fcrvers: Tatort Berlin, Pariser Platz. Die Zerst\u00f6rung und \u201cEntjudung\u201d Berlins, in: J\u00f6rn D\u00fcwel\/Werner Durth\/Niels Gutshow et al: 1945: Krieg-Zerst\u00f6rung-Aufbau. Architektur und Stadtplanung 1940\u20131960, Berlin 1995, p. 55ff.\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hansaviertel.berlin\/en\/literaturverzeichnis\/\">(1)<\/a><\/span> The Jewish residents who were \u201ccleared out\u201d were mostly sent to so-called Jewish houses, where people lived together in a confined space before being deported to concentration camps where they were murdered. <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Ibid.\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hansaviertel.berlin\/en\/literaturverzeichnis\/#fn_geschichte_09\">(2)<\/a> <\/span> All these measures led to the virtual extinction of Jewish life in the Hansaviertel. Close to the Hansaviertel on the former Charlottenburger Chaussee, today\u2019s Stra\u00dfe des 17. Juni, the street lamps designed by Albert Speer also remind us of the time of these megalomaniacal reconstruction plans, which were finally abandoned when the war took a different course.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2703\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2703\" style=\"width: 2138px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hansaviertel.berlin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/x09-Achsenplanung.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2703 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/hansaviertel.berlin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/x09-Achsenplanung.jpg\" alt=\"Schaubild der Nord-S\u00fcd- und Ost-West-Achse, um 1939, Albert Speer\" width=\"2138\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hansaviertel.berlin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/x09-Achsenplanung.jpg 2138w, https:\/\/hansaviertel.berlin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/x09-Achsenplanung-800x299.jpg 800w, https:\/\/hansaviertel.berlin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/x09-Achsenplanung-768x287.jpg 768w, https:\/\/hansaviertel.berlin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/x09-Achsenplanung-1024x383.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2138px) 100vw, 2138px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2703\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Diagram of the north-south and east-west axis, circa 1939, Albert Speer <span class=\"engdesc\"> Denkmaltopographie Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Denkmale in Berlin, Bezirk Mitte Ortsteile Moabit, Hansaviertel und Tiergarten, Petersberg 2005, S. 72 unten. Bildnachweis: Landesdenkmalamt Berlin<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"hv-picture-row\">\n<div class=\"hv-picture-row\">\n<div class=\"one-half first\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_2693\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2693\" style=\"width: 401px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hansaviertel.berlin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/020__altes_hansaviertel_Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-V00555-3_Obersalzberg_Albert_Speer_Adolf_Hitler.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2693 size-hv24h\" src=\"https:\/\/hansaviertel.berlin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/020__altes_hansaviertel_Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-V00555-3_Obersalzberg_Albert_Speer_Adolf_Hitler-401x260.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"401\" height=\"260\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2693\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Albert Speer and Adolf Hitler, Obersalzberg <span class=\"engdesc\"> \u00a9 Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-V00555-3,_Obersalzberg,_Albert_Speer,_Adolf_Hitler<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"one-half\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_2488\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2488\" style=\"width: 401px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hansaviertel.berlin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/020a__altes_hansav_10_IMG_SaWaCo_archiv.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2488 size-hv24h\" src=\"https:\/\/hansaviertel.berlin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/020a__altes_hansav_10_IMG_SaWaCo_archiv-401x260.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"401\" height=\"260\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2488\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">General Development Plan, prepared on behalf of the General Building Inspector for the Redevelopment of the Reich Capital, Albert Speer, 1942, detail <span class=\"engdesc\"> \u00a9 Landesarchiv Berlin<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"hv-picture-row\">\n<div class=\"one-half first\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_2487\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2487\" style=\"width: 401px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hansaviertel.berlin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/020a__altes_hansav_11_IMG_\u00a9Janiczewski.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2487 size-hv24h\" src=\"https:\/\/hansaviertel.berlin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/020a__altes_hansav_11_IMG_\u00a9Janiczewski-401x260.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"401\" height=\"260\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2487\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Map \u201cAreas free of Jews\u201c <span class=\"engdesc\"> \u00a9 Bundesarchiv, Abteilung Potsdam, Bestand 46.06, KS-3560, Blatt 4<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"one-half\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_2504\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2504\" style=\"width: 401px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hansaviertel.berlin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/020a__altes_hansav_12_MG_SaWaCo_archiv_-keine-Rechte.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2504 size-hv24h\" src=\"https:\/\/hansaviertel.berlin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/020a__altes_hansav_12_MG_SaWaCo_archiv_-keine-Rechte-401x260.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"401\" height=\"260\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2504\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">View into Stra\u00dfe des 17. Juni with street lamps designed by Albert Speer <span class=\"engdesc\"> \u00a9 Landesdenkmalamt Berlin<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr class=\"hv-schmucklinie small-margin\" \/>\n<p>Dr. Sandra Wagner-Conzelmann<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/hansaviertel.berlin\/en\/geschichte\/november-1943\/\">&gt; November 22nd, 1943<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<h6>Under the swastika<\/h6>\n<p>Berlin\u2019s plans for conversion into a representative seat of government and the imperial capital \u201cGermania\u201d also have an impact on the residents of the Hansa-Viertel. Many of the Jewish fellow citizens are deported.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7842,"parent":5433,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":{"0":"post-5519","1":"page","2":"type-page","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"entry"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hansaviertel.berlin\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5519","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hansaviertel.berlin\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hansaviertel.berlin\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hansaviertel.berlin\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hansaviertel.berlin\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5519"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/hansaviertel.berlin\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5519\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8511,"href":"https:\/\/hansaviertel.berlin\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5519\/revisions\/8511"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hansaviertel.berlin\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5433"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hansaviertel.berlin\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7842"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hansaviertel.berlin\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5519"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}